Membrane bioreactors utilizing hollow fiber membranes have emerged as a powerful technology for numerous biotechnological applications. These systems provide distinct benefits such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article presents a c

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors are considered as a promising technology for wastewater treatment due to their remarkable efficiency. This article discusses the analysis of PVDF membrane bioreactors in terms of diverse performance parameters, comprising removal efficiency of poll

The efficiency of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors in treating sewage wastewater is a subject of significant interest. These bioreactors combine the principles of biological treatment with membrane filtration to achieve high removal rates of various pollutants. This article presen